Adding and writing machine



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Shee t 1..

A. G. LUDLUM.

ADDING AND WRITING MACHINE. No. 384,373. Patented June 12, 1888.

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2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

PatentedJ-une 12, 1888;

I I Jul 112F307,

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A. 0. LUDLUM.

I ADDING AND WRITING MACHINE.

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terial, such india-rubber.

UNITED STATES ALBERT O. LUDLUM, OF

ADDlNG AND WR SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application tiled March 26, 1887.

T 0 a ZZ 207mm Z23 may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALBERT O. LUDLUM, of Brooklyn, in Kings county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Adding and \Vriting Machines, of which the following is a specification.

I will describe a machine embodying my improvement, and then point out the various novel features in claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top View of a machine embodying my improvement. Fig. 2 is a side viewof the same. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken at the plane of the dotted line t' a", Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is avertical section of the adding mechanism of the machine, the section being taken as indicated by the dotted line 1 y, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is avertical section taken as indicated by the dotted line 2 .2, Fig. 4-. Fig. (3 is a front view of certain parts of the machine. Fig. 7 is a verti cal section illustrating certain parts modified somewhat in form.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

A designates an impressionroller, which may be made of any suitable material. It preferably will have asurface of yielding 1na- The impression roller,with its surface of yielding material, if used, constitutes an impression surface for type. Around it passes paper upon which the writing is to be done. This roller is mounted in a carriage, A, which, during the operation of writing, is moved widthwise of the machine, or, in other words, in the direc tion of the double-headed arrow which ap pears adjacent to such carriage in Fig. 1.

A A designate rollers provided with journals a",extending through elongated slots a in the end pieces, A9. Springs a connected to the end pieces, A, and to the journals a provide for causing the rollers A A to bear against the iinpression-cylinder with a yielding pressure. The paper to be printed upon is held between the cylinder A and the rollers l A B designates a number of levers which have finger-pieces marked with different figures at the front ends and which are fnlcrnmed at their rearendsto arod, B, supported in stands BROOKLYN, NEW? YORK.

lTiNG MACHENE.

Patent No, 384,373, a; t to 12, 1888.

Serial No. SSQARQ. (Xo model.)

erected upon the base-piece P of the machine. These levers B are connected between their fulcra and their front ends to type-levers These type-levers are fnlcrumed between their ends to a bow-shaped bar, B, and hence the rear ends of the ty pe-levers, which are provided with the type or the letters whereby the writing is performed, converge toward a point which is about the center of the width of the machine. The type-levers are connected at their front ends by links B with the lovers B, so that when the forward ends of the levers B are depressed the rear ends of the type-levers, which are provided with the type,aro forced upward against an inked ribbon, C, which extends beneath the impressioirroller A, and also to the paper, (not illustrated in the drawings) which is passed around the latter. \Vhcn a. typelever is thus caused to strike the ribbon C, it produces the impression of the letter which it bears upon the paper in a weltknown manner. The levers B are normally maintained in a raised position by means of springs B. Shown as connected to them near their forward ends and to a bar, B, extending widthwise of the machine above the levers.) A stop-bar, l limits the upward movement of the lovers. The springs raise the levers after they have been depressed.

Below the levers B the lever i) is arranged. It is made in the form of a frame and extends the width of the whole series of levers B, so that it may be depressed upon the depression of any one of the lovers B. This lever D is fulcrumcd near the rear end by a pin,l),sup ported in stands erected upon the base-piece P of the machine. The forward end of the lever D is connected by a spring, D, to the bar B,so that the forward end of the said lever D will always be raised and maintained in a raised position when the levers B are raised.

The lever D is provided with a rod or arm, D", which extends up into proximity with one arm of an elbowlever, I), which is fnlorumed to an extension from the bow-shaped bar B. The arm of this lever D, upon which the arm or rod 1) of the lever ll acts, is held in contact with said arm or rod D by means of a spring, The other arm of the lever l) is provided with a pawl, Dfiwhich engages with a rack-bar, D that is affixed to the carriage A, in which the impression-roller A is journaled.

Vlhenevera lever B is depressed, the lever D will also be depressed, and the latter will efi'ect the vibration of the lever D, so that the pawl D of the latter will play over the .teeth of the rack-bar D and not move said rack. After such lever B shall have been released, it and the lever D will rise and the springD will cause the lever D to vibrate in such d rection that the pawl D of the latter, operating in conjunction with the rack-bar D, will move the carriage A, which is provided with the impression-roller, for a certain distance widthwise ot' the machine. In the presentinstance this movement of the carriage A will be to the right ot a person occupying a position in front of the machine. It is intended that whenever it shall be desired to move the carriage carrying theimpressionroller for a space to the right, and at a time when no figure is to be marked down,'t-h ey lever B, whose finger-piece is marked with the cipher, shall be operated.

The ribbon O is mounted uponrollers 0' C The roller 0 is shown as provided with a handcrank, T, whereby it may be rotated. The

roller 0 has affixed to it a ratchet-wheel, 0,

1 have shown eight of these wheels.

M ried by a pawl-lever, a

which operates in conjunction with the pawl 0, carried by a lever, 0 which is connected by a link, 0 with the rear end of the lever D. When the lever D is raised at the front end by means of the spring D, its rear end will be depressed, and will then, by means of the links 0 pawl-lever c", and pawl 0, effect a partial rotatlon of the ratchetwheel c, and consequently of the roller 0. In this way the ribbon will be fed along after each stroke of one of the type-levers.

The impression-roller may be rotated to make the spacing between lines or rows of figures by any suitable means. As shown, it is provided for tlns purpose with a ratchet-wheel, a. With this ratchet-wheel is combined a pawl, a, car- This pawl-lever may be operated directly by vibrating it with the hand, or it may be operated by any suitable mechanism connected to one of its arms-as, for instance, by a cord, a", connected to a statlonary part of the frame of the machine at one end and at the other end to the lever, and which may be grasped by hand to operate the lever.

The adding mechanism consists of a number of wheels, G, severally provided with a definite number of teeth at the periphery. I

wheels severally bear upon the periphery a set of figures from 0 to 9, inclusive. Any one of these wheels may be rotated by being brought into engagement with a wheel, H. In order that any of the wheels G may be brought into engagement with the wheel H, said wheels G are loosely mounted upon a shaft, G, which is supported in a frame or carriage, G The frame or carriage G is free to slide widthwise of the machine along rods G These 7 These rods G are supported by brackets G,

erected on the base-piece P of the machine. Consequently the brackets G and the rods G may be vibrated forwardly and backwardly far enough to remove any of the wheels G which may be opposite the wheel H from engagement with said wheel H or back into engagement with the same. The frame, which is formed of the brackets G and rods Gflwill be normally held in a forward position by means of a spring, G connected to one of the brackets G and to an appurtenance of the basepiece P which is stationary.

The carriage G in which the wheels G are arranged, has a movement widthwise of the machine corresponding to the movement of the carriage A in the same direction. The carriage G is connected to the carriage A by a bar, F, at j, and derives its movement widthwise of the machine from the carriage A. It therefore constitutes in eifect an appurtenance of the carriage A, and the movement of the two carriages is in unison. This motion of the carriage G will bring a different one of the wheels G into engagement with the wheel H, so that it will derive motion therefrom.

The wheels G are ordinary counting-wheels. When any one of them has completed a rotation, it imparts a partial rotation to the one indicating the next higher figure-as,- for instance, the units-wheel will, upon completing a rotation, effect a partial rotation of the wheel indicating tens, and the latter will operate in the same manner in conjunction with the wheel indicating hundreds, and so on.

The figures on the peripheries of the wheels G may be read between two bars, 9, with which the carriage G is provided. As shown more clearly in Fig. 2, each one of-the wheels G engages with a gear-wheel, G". The wheel G corresponding to any particular wheel G has a motion similar to that wheel G. Each of the wheels G is provided wit-h a single tooth, (see Fig.4,) in addition to the series of teeth through which said wheel derives motion. The single tooth g of each of these engages once in every rotation of its wheel with the wheel G of the next higher denomination, moving the latter one-tenth of a rotation whenever this happens.

The wheels G, as I have said, are all loosely arranged upon the shaft G. This shaft G is provided with ahand-crank,S, whereby it. may be rotated. It is also provided with a num ber of radially'extending pins, as shown more clearly in Figs. 4 and 5. There is one of these pins for each of the wheels G. Each of the wheels G is provided with a short pin, 9, adapted at certain times to be brought into engagement with the pins for the purpose ofrotating the wheels G extending parallel with the shaft G. The shaft G is capable of a slight longitudinal'movement. Normally it will be held so that a radially-extending pin, g, (shown more clearly in Fig. 4,) with which it is provided,will project into and engage with which are pivotally connected to stands G a cavity, g, in one of the side pieces of the carriage It is thus held by a spring, and when it is in this position its pins 1 will not engage with the pins g of the wheels G; but ifit be pressed longitudinally against the resistance of the spring 9 its pin 9 will be disengaged from the side piece of the carriage G with which it acts, thus leaving it free to rotate, and at the same time the pins 9 will be brought into line with the pins 9. If, then, the shaft be rotated, it will rotate the wheels G and bring them all into such positions that their ciphers will be visible between the bars 9 of the carriage G'"'.

I will now describe the manner in which the wheel H is operated.

I designates a rock-shaft having affixed to it a number of arms, 1, which extend under lateral projections l, with which the leversB are provided. The projections l of the levers B are not in the samehorizontal plane, buteach one occupies a different position with reference to others, as shown more clearlyin Fig. 8. it will be observed that the lever B whose finger-piece is marked with a cipher has not one ofthese lateral projections 1". The lateral projections of the levers l3 serve to rock the shaft I when such lovers are depressed. Owing to the arrangement of the said lateral projections in differenthorizontal positions, and as thelevers B all have the same range of movement, it will be evident that the different levers will effect oscillations of the rock-shaft I different distances from the others, because some of the levers B will move throughout greater distance than the others before acting upon the rock-shaft.

The rock-shaft l. is provided with a toothed sector-"lever, i One arm of this lever is con nected to a spring, I, which returns the lever and the rockshaft I to their normal positions. This toothed sector-lever engages with a pin ion, 1, affixed to the shaft upon which the wheel His mounted. There is also affixed to this shalt a raichetwvhecl, I. When the sectorlever l is vibrated by the depression ofone of the levers B, it will rotate the pinion l and also the ratchetwheel l." in such direction that the latter, coacting with the pawl 1 which is pivotally connected to one side of the wheel H, will impart a rotary motion to said wheel H for a certain distance corresponding to the extent to which the rock-shaft I has been oscillated. This partial rotation of the wheel H will be transmitted to whichever one of the wheels G happens to be opposite to it.

The wheel H is shown as having combined with it a pawl or detent, J, which is affixed to a roek-shaft, J. This rock-shaft J has also affixed toit two fingers, .i J. The forward end of the lever D plays between these fingers J J. \Vhen the lever i) is depressed at the forward end, it wiil, depress the finger J and so oscillate the rock-shaft J as to cause the detent J to engage with the teeth of the wheel H. This de tent will then hold the wheel H stationary until the forward end of the lever D in rising comes in contact with the linger J and oscillates the shaft J in the reverse direction, so as to disengage the detent J from the teeth of the wheel H. These oscillations of the rockshaft J are so timed thatafter the completion of that oscillation of the rock-shaft I and sector-lever l" which is produced by the depression of a lever B the wheel ll will be locked, so that the reverse oscillation of the rockshaft I and sector-lever l,which is effected by the spring lflwill not produce any rotation of the wheel H by any accident, and also so that after the completion of this last-referred to oscillation of the rock-shaft- I and sector-lever l the detent J will be disengaged from the wheel H, so as to leave it free to he again partially rotated upon the oscillation ofthe rockshaft 1 and sector-lever 1" by the depression of a lever B.

Instead of combining with the rock shaft J the fingers J J and the detent J, I may, as I have illustratcdby Fig. 7, combine with the wheel H a ratchet-wheel, ll, {tiTlXGti rigidly to j one side of it. Then a stop pawl which will permit it to rotate in one dire *tion but prevent it from movingin the other direction will serve every purpose.

The writing mechanism of the machine which I have described records the various sums to be added and the adding mechanism makes the addition. The addition made by the mechanism may be afterward written at the foot of the columns of figures previously recorded. During the writing of the addition the adding mechanism maybe rendered inoperative by vibrating a lever, O. Thislever is fulcrumed between its ends to an extension from the carriage G. The forward end of the lever bears against a stationary plate, O, and the lever is ot'such length and extends at such an angle forward of the pivot-frame that when vibrated in one direction its forward end may operate with a cam action upon the plate 0, and thereby swing backward the frame composed of the brackets G and rods G", so to remove from engagement with the wheel H whichever one of the wheels G was previously in engagement with it. When vibrated into a position to operate, as described, it may, if desired, be locked i n that position by a hook, O Y hen the frame consisting of the braclc ets G and rods G", is thus thrown back, so as to render the wheels G inoperative, the writing mechanism may be operated without producing any effect upon the adding mechanism. iVhen, however, it isdesired to thus remove the wheels G out of possible engagement with the wheel H and to provide for moving the carriage A and the carriage G into any desired position, the lever 0 may be vibrated a little farther, so as to impart longitudinal motion to a bar, which is connected with it by being provided with a slot that receives a pin that extends from the lever. When such mo tion is imparted o the bar O", it imparts I110- tion to a bar, 0, which is pivotally connected with crank-arms 0". The longitudinal move ment of the bar causes the oscillation of the crank-arms, and this oscillation of the crankarms in turn causes the bar 0"? to rise and elevate the pawl D, which effects the travel of the carriage A, carrying theimpression-roller. The pawl D" when thus elevated is rendered inoperative, so that the carriages G and A may be moved widthwise of the machine at pleasure.

I do not desire to lay claim to the particular construction and arrangement of the adding-wheels and the shaft upon which the same are mounted which I have shown and described.

WVhat I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination, with type mechanism, of a carriage provided with an impression-surface over which paper to be printed up'on may pass, feed-rollers for the paper mounted in said carriage, a number of addingwheels mounted in an appnrtenance of the said carriage, and mechanism, substantially such as described, for operaling the type mechanism and adding-wheels and for moving the said carriageandthcadding-wheelsinunisonwidthwise ot'the machine, substantially as specified.

2. The combination of typelevers, an in'1- pression-cylinder, a carriagein which said cylinder is mounted, anumber of adding-wheels,

a carriage in which said wheels are mounted connected to the carriage supporting the impression -cylinder, and mechanism, substan-' tially such as described, for moving the said carriage and operating the type levers and addingwheels, substantially as specified.

3. The combination of an impression-cylinder, type-levers for operating in conjunction therewith, fingerlevcrs for operating the typelevers, adding-wheels, a motor-wheel adapted 40 to engage with the adding-wheels. one at a time, and a rock-shaftfor transmitting motion to the motor-wheel and deriving motion from the operation of the levers which actuate the typelcvers, substantially as specified.

4. The combination of writing mechanism consisting, essentially, of type-levers and an impression-cylinder having a rotary and longitudinal movement, a carriage in which said cylinder is supported, adding mechanism, a carriage in which said adding mechanism is supported, connected to the carriage of theimpression cylinder, an oscillating frame supporting the last-named carriage, and a cam-lever whereby this frame may be oscillated to render the adding mechanism inoperative,substantially as specified.

5. The combination of the carriage A, an impression cylinder supported on said carriage, a rack-bar connected to said carriage, a pawl for engaging with said rack-bar for the purpose of imparting motion to the carriage, adding mechanism, a carriage supporting the adding mechanism and connected to the carriage of the impression-cylinder, an oscillating frame supporting the carriage of the adding mechanism, a canrlever whereby this frame may be oscillated, a connection between said lever, and a device extending under the said pawl, whereby said pawl'may be rendered inoperative at the same time that the adding mechanism is rendered inoperative by the oscillation ofthe lever, substantially as specified.

A. O. LUDLUM.

Witnesses: I

G. P. ANDREWS, BENJ. W. DOUGHTY. 

